Pain is not only a physical morbidity but it also causes emotional stress to the patient. It should be managed to relieve the patient by any of the following techniques:
Medications: The first and foremost step to treat pain is by drug therapy that includes:
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), including ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Antidepressants, which can improve sleep and alleviate pain
Anti-seizure medications, which can be effective in treating pain related to nerve damage or injury
Steroids, like dexamethasone and prednisone, to alleviate inflammation and pain
Muscle relaxants in cases of muscle spasms
Opioids
Therapy: Various physical therapies are aimed to give mental and physical relief to the patients of pain. It includes:
Physical therapy includes special exercises, stretching of body or massage that slowly builds the tolerance and reduces pain.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy is about understanding the pain, its location and what can be done to get relief.
TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) therapy mainly make use of electrical stimulation to send signal to the brain that reduces pain.
Bioelectric therapy blocks the pain signals to brain.
Injections: Pain that becomes severe and chronic can be managed by injecting medication directly in to the location of pain. The various types of injections include:
Epidural Steroid Injection is given near the injured area of spine by any of the following three techniques:
Interlaminar Epidural Injections
Transforaminal Epidural Injections
Caudal Epidural Injections
Facet Joint Injection is given in the inflamed facet joints that are causing severe neck and back pain.
Medial Branch Nerve Block Injection is used to diagnose and treat facet joints pain.
Sacroiliac (SI) joint injection is given in the sacroiliac joint to relieve pain.
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