In embryonic stage, neural tube is the precursor of the brain and spinal cord. The neural tube formation is a very complex process and its fusion occurs between day 21 to day 28 in early pregnancy. Anything abnormal with its fusion can lead to Neural tube defects or NTDs.
Causes of Congenital disorders
These disorders account for the second most common defects that lead to severe disability. There causes include:
Risk factors
Following risk factors increases the chances of development of congenital abnormalities in embryonic stage:
Classification of NTDs
They can be classified into cranial and spinal defects depending upon the site of involvement or into open and closed depending upon the exposure of neural tissue.
Cranial NTDs
Spinal NTDs
Investigations for detecting congenital abnormalities
During prenatal stage: Prenatal screening should be done to find any congenital abnormality. It should include:
After birth: In cases where defects could not be detected in prenatal stage, following diagnostic tests may help to find the abnormalities after birth:
Management of Congenital abnormalities
Management of any kind of congenital abnormality depends upon the abnormality and its severity. In most of the cases, surgical intervention is required to fix the defect.
Dr. Shyam Sundar K
Dr. Shyam Sundar K is an eminent name in the field of neurology. He is one of the best neurosurgeon in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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